Interlocking panels, modules with interlocking panels, and a modular display case with interlocking modules with interlocking panels

ABSTRACT

Interlocking panels are assembled to form modules, and the modules are assembled to form a modular display case, for displaying, transporting and storing objects such as models, display items or valuable collectibles. The interlocking panels include interlocking side edge ball key tab including a resilient, compressible ball key, and ports for removably receiving the ball key tab and ball key.

BACKGROUND

This invention relates generally to interlocking panels having keyedmortise and tenon joints and assemblies of panels having through mortiseand through loose tenon joints, and more particularly relates toassemblies of such interlocking panels to form interlocking modules, andmore specifically relates to modular display cases with interlockingmodules having such interlocking panels.

Conventional modular display cases are typically assembled from lasercut interlocking pieces, such as interlocking plastic boxes, for examplethat must be either glued or otherwise bonded together, or must bemechanically attached to one another, such as with screws or other typesof fasteners. Traditional modular structures formed from wood panelshaving keyed mortise and tenon joints typically are large and heavy dueto the size and thickness of supports and shelving used, and lacksuitable windows or transparency. When such modular structures areformed of wood with keyed mortise and tenon joints, the typical key iswedge-shaped, making assembly and disassembly of modular displaystructures difficult and painstakingly tedious. Keyed mortise and tenonjoint modular display cases formed of other materials such as metal oracrylic, for example, are disadvantageous because the typical key iswedge-shaped, and when such materials other than wood are used, thefriction between the key and the panel is reduced, destabilizing thejoint.

One system for assembling interlocking structures is known that includesinterlocking hollow rectangular toy building blocks having cylindricalprojections that interlock with one or more tubular projections on othertoy building blocks, allowing the toy building blocks to be quickly andeasily connected with relatively little force, but also allowing theconnected toy building blocks to be disassembled with relatively littleforce.

A method for fabricating a modular foam container such as for storingand transporting game pieces utilizes a laser cutting apparatus toprecisely cut and remove portions of foam in order to form text,indentations and protective compartments in the foam. While suchcontainers are typically light and suitable for transportation of smallitems, the foam containers are not transparent, and do not readilypermit interconnecting or interlocking of the foam containers ininterlocking modules.

A modular display case is known that includes a base, a top, andfoldable outer wall with a door for placement of objects in a cavity fordisplay. The modular display case and a pedestal for the modular displaycase can be assembled manually with or without fasteners, and can befolded flat for packaging, shipping, and storage of the modular displaycase.

A geometric toy construction system is also known that includes flat,polygonal construction pieces with edgewise connectors that can besnap-fit together edge-to-edge to form two or three dimensionalstructures that can rotate about an axis of interconnection. Attachmentsites accommodate flexible pipes that interconnect with one another,with a soft, pliable ball member, and with elastic bands that can besecured between attachment sites.

A ball and socket joint incorporating a detent mechanism also is knownthat can be used in flexible supports to hold and support items such aslamps, tools and faucets. Another ball joint coupling assembly is knownthat permits universal movement and positioning of an object withrespect to a vertical support shaft, and that permits quick release andlocking action, using a ball that is captured between annular jawportions of a housing and a piston, with locking action being providedby gripping engagement of a piston jaw portion and a housing jawportion.

A modular display case is known that includes one or more “C”-shapedframe members having a front face selectively enclosed with a window,and having grooves and bosses on an inside bottom surface for displayingmodel train components. The frame members each have a tongue feature anda locking structure that can be slidably engaged together to join theframe members end-to-end, and a second locking structure on a bottomsurface and a corresponding locking structure on a top surface allow theframes to be connected vertically together. An expandable modulardisplay case also is known that includes one or more L-shaped membershaving a tongue feature on a back edge and a groove on a back edge ofanother member for coupling the backs the members together.

A modular portable collectibles storage and display case forcollectibles mounted on a base also is known that allows identical casescan be secured together, either stacked vertically or and horizontallyside-by-side, and linked by a releasable hinge on each side, allowingthe cases to open to display the collectibles. Another modular displaycase system also is known that includes side walls and a door formed ofglass panels having side edges fastened together.

It would be desirable to provide interlocking panels that can beassembled into modular structures, and that can be made of transparent,lightweight materials that can be assembled into interlocking modularstructures such as modular display cases to allow viewing of itemsplaced in such modular display cases. It would be desirable to provideinterlocking panels that can be assembled into modular structures thatcan be removably connected together by snap fit or pressure fitassembly, without the need for mechanical fasteners such as screws orbolts, and without the need for glue, adhesives or thermal bonding. Itwould also be desirable to provide interlocking display case moduleswith ferromagnetic targets attached to a layout or base panel allowingobjects such as models or other display items for display, transport orstorage to be magnetically secured within such interlocking display casemodules, to allow such models or other display items to be safelysecured a sufficient distance from the interlocking panels from whichthe modular structures are constructed to provide a safety zonesurrounding the models or other display items. The present inventionmeets these and other needs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Briefly, and in general terms, the present invention provides forinterlocking panels, modules assembled with the interlocking panels, anda modular display case including an assembly of interlocking modulesassembled with the interlocking panels, for use in displaying,transporting and storing objects such as models, display items orvaluable collectibles, for example.

Accordingly, in a first preferred embodiment, the present inventionprovides for interlocking panels configured to be removably assembledtogether, including a first panel member having a side edge including aside edge ball key tab defined on the side edge of the first panelmember, the ball key tab including a ball key retaining aperture definedin the ball key tab, a ball key removably received in the ball keyretaining aperture of the ball key tab, and a second panel memberincluding a ball key tab connecting port for removably receiving theball key tab and the ball key. In a presently preferred aspect, the ballkey retaining aperture of the ball key tab is circular, and the ball keycomprises a round, resilient, compressible ball that can be pressed intoand out of the ball key retaining aperture. In another presentlypreferred aspect, the ball key retaining aperture of the ball key tab iscircular, and the ball key comprises a round, preferably spherical,resilient, compressible ball that can be pressed into and out of theball key retaining aperture. In another presently preferred aspect,wherein the ball key is made of silicone rubber having a Shore Ahardness from about 60 to about 90, and preferably is made of siliconerubber having a Shore A hardness from 70 to 85.

In another presently preferred aspect, the ball key tab connecting portis generally rectangular and includes a circular aperture in a middleportion of the ball key tab connecting port for removably receiving theball key removably received in the ball key retaining aperture of theball key tab. In another presently preferred aspect, the ball key tabconnecting port is a side edge bridal joint ball key tab connecting portthat is open at a side edge of the second panel member. In anotherpresently preferred aspect, the ball key retaining aperture of the firstpanel member is positioned in the side edge ball key tab a sufficientdistance from the side edge of the first panel member that when the sideedge ball key tab is received in the side edge bridal joint ball key tabconnecting port of the second panel member, the first and second panelmembers are aligned orthogonally with respect to each other.

In a second preferred embodiment, the present invention provides for amodule with interlocking panels, wherein the module is configured to beremovably connected with one or more other modules with interlockingpanels. The module includes a pair of elongated first sidewall panelmembers, each of the elongated first sidewall panel members havingopposing side edges, each of the opposing side edges of the elongatedfirst sidewall panel members including a side edge ball key tab, andeach the ball key tab including a ball key retaining aperture defined inthe ball key tab. A ball key is removably received in each the ball keyretaining aperture of the ball key tab, and the module includes a pairof elongated second sidewall panel members, each of the elongated secondsidewall panel members having opposing side edges, each of the opposingside edges of the elongated second sidewall panel members including aball key tab connecting port, corresponding ones of the ball key tabsand corresponding ones of the ball keys of the elongated first sidewallpanel members being removably received in corresponding ones of the ballkey tab connecting ports of the opposing side edges of the elongatedsecond sidewall panel members, respectively.

In a presently preferred aspect, the ball key retaining aperture iscircular, and the ball key is a round, preferably spherical, resilient,compressible ball that can be pressed into and out of the ball keyretaining apertures. In another presently preferred aspect, the ball keyis made of silicone rubber having a Shore A hardness from about 60 toabout 90, and is preferably made of silicone rubber having a Shore Ahardness from 70 to 85.

In another presently preferred aspect, the module includes one or moreside edge bridal joint ball key tab connecting ports open at an upperside edge of one or more of the elongated second sidewall panel members.In another presently preferred aspect, the module includes an elongateddivider panel member having opposing side edges, and one or more of theopposing side edges of the elongated divider panel member include a sideedge ball key tab including a ball key retaining aperture defined in theball key tab. The ball key retaining aperture preferably includes a ballkey removably received in the ball key retaining aperture, and the ballkey tab and the ball key of the elongated divider panel member isremovably received in the one or more side edge bridal joint ball keytab connecting ports. In another presently preferred aspect, the ballkey retaining aperture of the elongated divider panel member ispositioned in the side edge ball key tab a sufficient distance from theside edge of the elongated divider panel member that when the side edgeball key tab is received in the side edge bridal joint ball key tabconnecting port, the elongated divider panel member and the one or moreof the elongated second sidewall panel members are aligned orthogonallywith respect to each other.

In another presently preferred aspect, the module includes one or morestacking key tabs in a top side edge of each first sidewall panelmember, and one or more stacking key slots in a bottom side edge of eachfirst sidewall panel member for receiving a corresponding stacking keytab of another first sidewall panel member. In another presentlypreferred aspect, the module includes one or more corner stacking keytabs in a bottom side corner of each the second sidewall panel member,and one or more corner stacking key slots in a top corner side of eachthe second sidewall panel member for receiving a corresponding cornerstacking key tab of another second sidewall panel member.

In another presently preferred aspect, the module includes a horizontalpanel member removably connected to the elongated first sidewall panelmembers and/or the elongated second sidewall panel members. Thehorizontal panel member may be a base panel member removably connectedto a lower portion of the least one of the pair of elongated firstsidewall panel members and one of the pair of elongated second sidewallpanel members. Another horizontal panel member may be provided that is alayout panel member preferably including least one recess in a top sideof the layout panel member for receiving a display item.

In another presently preferred embodiment, the present inventionprovides for a modular display case including an assembly of a pluralityof the modules with interlocking panels according to the invention. Theinterlocking panels and modular structures assembled from theinterlocking panels can be made of transparent, lightweight materialssuch as acrylic panels, for example, that can be assembled intointerlocking modules and modular display cases to allow viewing of itemsplaced in such interlocking modules and modular display cases. Theinterlocking panels can be snap fit together for assembly anddisassembly of the interlocking modules and modular display casesaccording to the invention, without mechanical fasteners, and withoutglue, adhesives or thermal bonding. The interlocking modules and modulardisplay cases can be provided with ferromagnetic targets attached to ahorizontal panel member such as a layout panel or base panel member, forexample, allowing objects such as models or other display items fordisplay, transport or storage, to be magnetically secured within suchinterlocking display case modules, to allow such models or other displayitems to be safely secured a sufficient distance from the interlockingpanels from which the modular structures are constructed to provide asafety zone surrounding the models or other display items.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will become moreapparent from the following detailed description of the preferredembodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, whichillustrate, by way of example, the operation of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a top perspective view of a basic through mortise and tenonball key joint formed by first and second panels with a ball key,according to a presently preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 1B is a top plan view of the basic through mortise and tenon ballkey joint of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 1C is a top perspective view of a basic bridal joint formed by thefirst and second panels with the ball key of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 1D is a top plan view of the first panel member of FIG. 1A showingthe ball key inserted in a ball key slot of the first panel member.

FIG. 1E is a top plan view of the second panel member of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 2A is a side elevational view of a first panel member of pair ofpanels that can be assembled together to form a locking bridal joint,according to another presently preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2B is a side elevational view of a second panel member of pair ofpanels that can be assembled together with the panel member of FIG. 2Ato form a locking bridal joint.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a basic one unit height rectangularaccessory box module, according to another presently preferredembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4A is a plan view of a first sidewall panel member of a currentlypreferred variation of the basic one unit height rectangular accessorybox module of FIG. 3.

FIG. 4B is a plan view of a second sidewall panel member of thecurrently preferred variation of the basic one unit height rectangularaccessory box module of FIG. 3.

FIG. 4C is a plan view of a divider panel member of the currentlypreferred variation of the basic one unit height rectangular accessorybox module of FIG. 3.

FIG. 4D is a plan view of a base horizontal panel member of thecurrently preferred variation of the basic one unit height rectangularaccessory box module of FIG. 3.

FIG. 4E is a side elevational view of a second sidewall panel memberincluding two top locking joint or bridal joint slots allowing the basicone unit height rectangular accessory box module to be divided intothree sections with two divider panel members.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a basic two unit height rectangularaccessory box module, according to another presently preferredembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6A is a plan view of a first sidewall panel member of a currentlypreferred variation of the basic two unit height rectangular accessorybox module of FIG. 5.

FIG. 6B is a plan view of a second sidewall panel member of thecurrently preferred variation of the basic two unit height rectangularaccessory box module of FIG. 5.

FIG. 6C is a plan view of a divider panel member of the currentlypreferred variation of the basic two unit height rectangular accessorybox module of FIG. 5.

FIG. 6D is a plan view of a base horizontal panel member of thecurrently preferred variation of the basic two unit height rectangularaccessory box module of FIG. 5.

FIG. 6E is a side elevational view of another second sidewall panelmember including two top locking joint or bridal joint slots allowingthe basic two unit height rectangular accessory box module to be dividedinto three sections with two divider panel members.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a square accessory box module, accordingto another presently preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 8A is a plan view of a first sidewall panel member of a currentlypreferred variation of the square accessory box module of FIG. 7.

FIG. 8B is a plan view of a second sidewall panel member of thecurrently preferred variation of the basic two unit height rectangularaccessory box module of FIG. 7.

FIG. 8C is a plan view of a first divider panel member of the currentlypreferred variation of the basic two unit height rectangular accessorybox module of FIG. 7.

FIG. 8D is a plan view of a second divider panel member of the currentlypreferred variation of the basic two unit height rectangular accessorybox module of FIG. 7.

FIG. 8E is a plan view of a base horizontal panel member of thecurrently preferred variation of the basic two unit height rectangularaccessory box module of FIG. 7.

FIG. 8F is a side elevational view of a second sidewall panel memberincluding two top locking joint or bridal joint slots allowing thesquare accessory box module to be divided into three sections with twodivider panel members.

FIG. 8G is a side elevational view of a second sidewall panel memberincluding a single off-center top locking joint or bridal joint slotallowing the square accessory box module to be divided into two sectionswith one divider panel member.

FIG. 8H is a side elevational view of a second sidewall panel member forthe square accessory box module including a card lift slot.

FIG. 8I is a side elevational view of a divider panel member for thesquare accessory box module.

FIG. 8J is a top plan view of an alternate base horizontal panel memberfor the square accessory box module.

FIG. 8K is a top plan view of another alternate base horizontal panelmember including a card lift slot for the square accessory box module.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a square display case module, accordingto another presently preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 10A is a plan view of a first sidewall panel member of a currentlypreferred variation of the square display case module of FIG. 9.

FIG. 10B is a plan view of a second sidewall panel member of thecurrently preferred variation of the square display case module of FIG.9.

FIG. 10C is a plan view of a base horizontal panel member of thecurrently preferred variation of the square display case module of FIG.9.

FIG. 10D is a plan view of a layout panel member of the currentlypreferred variation of the square display case module of FIG. 9.

FIG. 10E is a top plan view of an alternate layout panel member for thesquare display case module of FIGS. 10A to 10D.

FIG. 10F is a top plan view of another alternate layout panel member forthe square display case module of FIGS. 10A to 10D.

FIG. 10G is a top plan view of another alternate layout panel member forthe square display case module of FIGS. 10A to 10D.

FIG. 10H is a top plan view of another alternate layout panel member forthe square display case module of FIGS. 10A to 10D.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a larger rectangular display casemodule, according to another presently preferred embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 12A is a plan view of a first sidewall panel member of a currentlypreferred variation of the larger rectangular display case module ofFIG. 11.

FIG. 12B is a plan view of a second sidewall panel member of thecurrently preferred variation of the larger rectangular display casemodule of FIG. 11.

FIG. 12C is a plan view of a base horizontal panel member of thecurrently preferred variation of the larger rectangular display casemodule of FIG. 11.

FIG. 12D is a plan view of a square layout panel member of the currentlypreferred variation of the larger rectangular display case module ofFIG. 11.

FIG. 12E is a plan view of a handle panel member of the currentlypreferred variation of the larger rectangular display case module ofFIG. 11.

FIG. 12F is a top plan view of an alternate layout panel member base forthe currently preferred variation of the larger rectangular display casemodule of FIGS. 12A to 12E.

FIG. 12G is a top plan view of another alternate layout panel member forthe currently preferred variation of the larger rectangular display casemodule of FIGS. 12A to 12E.

FIG. 12H is a top plan view of another alternate layout panel member forthe currently preferred variation of the larger rectangular display casemodule of FIGS. 12A to 12E.

FIG. 12I is a top plan view of another alternate layout panel member forthe currently preferred variation of the larger rectangular display casemodule of FIGS. 12A to 12E.

FIG. 12J is a top plan view of an alternate base horizontal panel memberthe currently preferred variation of the larger rectangular display casemodule of FIGS. 12A to 12E.

FIG. 12K is a top plan view of a layer lock panel member for thecurrently preferred variation of the larger rectangular display casemodule of FIGS. 12A to 12E.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a display case cover module, accordingto another presently preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 14A is a plan view of a first sidewall panel member of a currentlypreferred variation of the display case cover module of FIG. 13.

FIG. 14B is a plan view of a second sidewall panel member of thecurrently preferred variation of the display case cover module of FIG.13.

FIG. 14C is a plan view of a roof horizontal panel member of thecurrently preferred variation of the display case cover module of FIG.13.

FIG. 14D is a plan view of a center support panel member of thecurrently preferred variation of the display case cover module of FIG.13.

FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective view of a modular display caseincluding an assembly of a plurality of modules with interlockingpanels, according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 is as side elevational view of the modular display case of FIG.15 including an assembly of a plurality of modules with interlockingpanels.

FIG. 17A is an exploded elevational view of a wider side of anotherversion of a modular display case including an assembly of a pluralityof modules with interlocking panels, according to the present invention.

FIG. 17B is an exploded elevational view of a narrower side of themodular display case of FIG. 17A.

FIG. 18A is an elevational view of the assembled modular display case ofFIGS. 17A and 17B.

FIG. 18B is an elevational view of a narrower side of the assembledmodular display case of FIGS. 17A and 17B.

FIG. 19A is an elevational view of a wider side of another version of amodular display case including an assembly of a plurality of moduleswith interlocking panels, according to the present invention.

FIG. 19B is an elevational view of a narrower side of the modulardisplay case of FIG. 18A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to the drawings, which are provided for purposes ofillustration and by way of example, the present invention provides forinterlocking panels, modules assembled with the interlocking panels, anda modular display case including an assembly of interlocking modulesassembled with the interlocking panels, for use in displaying,transporting and storing objects such as models, display items orvaluable collectibles, for example. The interlocking modules and modulardisplay cases assembled from the interlocking panels of the presentinvention may be used as a modular stackable display system for storing,transporting or displaying valuable collectibles. The interlockingpanels can be constructed of transparent, lightweight material, such asclear acrylic plastic, for example, to readily allow viewing of itemsplaced within the interlocking modules and modular display cases, andthe modularity of the interlocking modules and modular display casespermits the assembly of display and accessory boxes to create a varietyof options for storing, transporting or displaying items.

The present invention provides for interlocking panels that utilize aunique locking system, using a plastic ball, such as a silicone rubberball, for example, that can be inserted in and through the interlockingpanels under compression to key a modified mortise and tenon joint,allowing for glueless constructions, and unassembled shipping of theinterlocking panels. The present invention provides for a display basepanel member allowing for cutouts of regular or custom shapes, such ascircles, squares, rectangles, ovals, and the like; a magnetized andmetal target system adhered to the base panel member of the display caseto allow for secure attachment due to lateral motions duringtransportation or earthquakes; and modular organization inserts tofurther expand storage functions. The display system provided by thepresent invention allows for the storage and viewing of collectibles ina broad variety of modular and stackable options, thus creating anorganized and expandable, fully scalable, stackable overall system withinterchangeable parts. Optional accessory boxes of various sizes anddimensions, and optional organizers, such as spacers, dividers, andhandles, for example, may also be provided.

Referring to the drawings, which are provided for purposes ofillustration and by way of example, in a first presently preferredembodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1A to 1E, the present invention providesfor a system for assembling a pair of interlocking panels 10, includinga first panel member 12 including one or more generally rectangular sideedge ball key or mortise or ball tabs 14 defined on a side edge 16 ofthe first panel member, each of the one or more ball key or mortise orball tabs including a ball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture 18,which is preferably a circular aperture. Each ball key or mortise orball retaining aperture preferably includes a ball key 20 that isremovably received therein, as is shown more clearly in FIG. 1D.

The ball key is preferably a round, resilient, compressible ball, andmost preferably is a spherical, resilient, compressible ball, typicallyformed of silicone rubber, for example. A silicone rubber ball keypreferably has a Shore A hardness of about 60 to about 90, and mostpreferably has a Shore A hardness of about 70 to about 85. The lowfriction of the silicone rubber has been found to allow the ball key toslide into and be compressed, so as to be retained in the ball key ormortise or ball retaining aperture, even at a high shore hardness. Thesilicone rubber ball key preferably is dimensioned to be snugly pressfit in the ball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture so that theball key can be pressed into and out of the ball key or mortise or ballretaining aperture with a firm manual pressure, while being firmlyretained in the ball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture duringnormal usage. The ball key typically has a cross-sectional diameter ofapproximately 5.5 mm, and the ball key or mortise or ball retainingaperture typically has a cross-sectional diameter that iscorrespondingly slightly less than the diameter of the ball key, such asapproximately 5.0 mm or less, for example, so that the ball key iscompressed, and to tightly hold and bite into a ball key when a ball keyis pressed into the ball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture.

A second panel member 22, seen most clearly in FIG. 1E, includes one ormore generally rectangular ball key tab connecting ports or slots 24extending through the second panel member for receiving the generallyrectangular ball key or mortise or ball tab of the first panel membertherein. Each generally rectangular ball key tab connecting port or slotpreferably includes a middle portion with opposing curved outwardlydirected interior edge portions 26 extending through an approximatemiddle portion of the generally rectangular ball key tab connecting portor slot with opposing curved outwardly directed interior edge portionsfor removably receiving the ball key therein. The middle portion of thegenerally rectangular ball key tab connecting port or slot of the secondpanel member preferably includes a middle portion with circularly curvedoutwardly directed interior edges, and typically has a cross-sectionaldiameter across the outwardly curved interior edges that iscorrespondingly slightly less than the diameter of the ball key, such asapproximately 5.0 mm or less, for example, to block easy passage of theball key therethrough, in order to firmly hold the joint formed by thefirst and second panels together. As is shown in FIG. 1E, the generallyrectangular ball key tab connecting port or slot may be a mortise jointtype connection port or slot 28, in which the generally rectangular ballkey tab connecting port or slot extends through but is fully enclosed inor surrounded by the second panel member, and has contiguous rectangularinterior side edges 29 joined with the curved interior side edges formedwithin the body of the second panel member, or may be a bridal jointtype connection port or slot 30, in which the generally rectangular ballkey tab connecting port or slot has rectangular interior side edges 31joined with the curved interior side edges, but with an opening 32 at aside edge 34 of the second panel member.

Referring to FIGS. 2A and 2B, the bridal joint type connection port orslot may advantageously provide a locking type bridal joint connection,which is dimensioned to retain the ball key once it is inserted throughthe ball key tab connecting port or slot, and the ball key or mortise orball retaining aperture of the ball key tab of the first panel member ispositioned in the side edge ball key or mortise or ball tab a sufficientdistance from the side edge of the first panel member, such as anextension of about 0.35 inches, for example, such that when the sideedge ball key or mortise or ball tab is fully received in thecorresponding generally rectangular ball key tab connecting port or slotof the second panel member, the first and second panel members arealigned orthogonally with respect to each other. While the ball keytypically remains dimensioned to have a cross-sectional diameter ofapproximately 5.5 mm, the ball key is more tightly press compressed andretained in the ball key or mortise or ball retaining portion byreducing the cross-sectional diameter of the opposing outwardly curvededges of the middle ball key or mortise or ball retaining portion, suchas to approximately 0.160 inch or 4.0 mm, and the middle ball key ormortise or ball retaining portion of the second panel member typicallysimilarly has a cross-sectional diameter between the opposing outwardlycurved interior edges that is approximately 0.160 inch or 4.0 mm, forexample, so that the bridal joint connection formed can operate tointerlock more strongly as a locking joint. The first and second panelmembers typically have a thickness of approximately 0.118 or ⅛ inch, orabout 3.0 mm, for example, and preferably are formed from clear acrylicplastic material, but it should be recognized that sizes and dimensionsof the panels, apertures and ball key retaining portions, as well as theball key, can be adjusted depending upon the thickness of the panelmembers as well as the types of materials selected for making the panelsand the ball keys.

In a presently preferred aspect, the present invention provides formodules assembled with the interlocking panels, and a modular displaycase including an assembly of interlocking modules assembled with theinterlocking panels, for use in displaying, transporting and storingobjects such as models, display items or valuable collectibles, forexample.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4A to 4D, one example of one such moduleassembled with the interlocking panels is a basic rectangular accessorybox 40, which is typically about 2 inches wide and about 4 inches long,and one common unit in height, such as about one inch, for example,although as will be explained below, modules may be multiples of thecommon unit in height. The currently preferred form of the basicrectangular accessory box includes a pair of generally rectangular,elongated first sidewall panel members 42, each including a pair ofopposing side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs 44 defined onopposing side edges 46 of the first sidewall panel members, and each ofthe side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs including a ball key ormortise or ball retaining aperture 48. For a basic rectangular accessorybox of two unit height, two pairs of opposing side edge ball key ormortise or ball tabs defined on the side edges of each first sidewallpanel member. The ball key or mortise or ball retaining apertures arepreferably circular, and each ball key or mortise or ball retainingaperture contains a ball key 50 removably retained in the ball key ormortise or ball retaining aperture. The ball key is typically a round,resilient, compressible ball, typically formed of silicone rubber, forexample, as described above, and is preferably a spherical, resilient,compressible ball, that can be pressed into or out of the ball key ormortise or ball retaining aperture.

The basic rectangular accessory box also includes a pair of generallyrectangular, elongated second sidewall panel members 52, each includinga pair of opposing rectangular side edge ports or slots 54 for receivinga corresponding ball key or mortise or ball tab therein. Each of thepair of rectangular side edge ports or slots preferably includes amiddle portion with opposing curved outwardly directed interior edgeportions 56 extending through an approximate middle portion of thegenerally rectangular ball key tab connecting port or slot with opposingcurved outwardly directed interior edge portions for removably receivingthe ball key therein. For a basic rectangular accessory box of two unitheight, each of the generally rectangular, elongated second sidewallpanel members includes two pairs of opposing rectangular side edge portsor slots for receiving a ball key or mortise or ball tab. The middleball key or mortise or ball retaining apertures in the generallyrectangular, elongated second sidewall panel members are preferablycircular.

For interlocking of vertically stacked modules, one or more accessorybox stacking key tabs 58 are preferably provided in a top side 60 ofeach second sidewall panel member, and one or more accessory boxstacking key slots 62 are provided in a bottom side 64 of each secondsidewall panel member for receiving a corresponding accessory boxstacking key tab. In addition, for additional stability of verticallystacked modules, one or more accessory box corner stacking key tabs 66are preferably provided in a bottom side corner 68 of each secondsidewall panel member, and one or more accessory box corner stacking keyslots or notches 70 are provided in a top corner 72 of each secondsidewall panel member for receiving a corresponding accessory box cornerstacking key tab.

The basic rectangular accessory box also may optionally include one ormore generally rectangular, elongated divider panel members 74, eachpreferably including a pair of side edge ball key or mortise or balltabs 76 defined on the side edges 78 of the divider panel member, eachof the side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs including a ball keyor mortise or ball retaining aperture 80 extending therethrough, andeach ball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture including a ball keyremovably received therein. When one or more divider panel members areto be included, one or more corresponding top locking joint or bridaljoint slots 82 are provided in the top side of each second sidewallpanel member, each top locking joint or bridal joint slot defining anopen ball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture 86 open at the topside of the second sidewall panel member and extending through the ofthe sidewall panel member for removably receiving a ball key of acorresponding divider panel member therein. When two divider panelmembers are to be included, two corresponding top locking joint orbridal joint slots are provided in the top side of each second sidewallpanel member.

The basic rectangular accessory box also preferably includes a basehorizontal panel member 90 including one or more pairs of side edge ballkey or mortise or ball tabs 92 defined on opposing first side edges 94of the base horizontal panel member, with a ball key or mortise or ballretaining aperture 96 extending therethrough, and each ball key ormortise or ball retaining aperture including a ball key removablyreceived therein. The base horizontal panel member also preferablyincludes at least a second pair of side edge ball key or mortise or balltabs 98 defined on opposing second side edges 100 of the base horizontalpanel member, each including a ball key or mortise or ball connectingport or slot 102 extending therethrough, and each ball key or mortise orball retaining aperture including a ball key removably received therein.Each of the first sidewall panel members preferably includes one or moreside ball key or mortise or ball connecting ports or slots 104 extendingthrough a bottom side portion 106 of the first sidewall panel member forremovably receiving corresponding side edge ball key or mortise or balltabs defined on the opposing first side edges of the base horizontalpanel member. Each of the second sidewall panel members preferablyincludes one or more side ball key or mortise or ball connecting portsor slots 104 extending through the bottom side of the second sidewallpanel member for removably receiving corresponding side edge ball key ormortise or ball tabs defined on the opposing second side edges of thebase horizontal panel member therein.

The base horizontal panel member also preferably includes one or morepairs of opposing accessory box secondary, non-locking key tabs 108,typically not including a ball key or mortise or ball connecting port orslot and a ball key, defined on the opposing second side edges of thebase horizontal panel member, each configured to be received incorresponding opposing one or more pairs of accessory box secondary,non-locking key slots 109, also typically not including a middle ballkey or mortise or ball retaining aperture, defined in a bottom portionof each second sidewall panel member. The secondary, non-locking keytabs and corresponding secondary, non-locking key slots provideadditional support and stability, increase rigidity and reducerotational flexing of the modules.

During assembly of the basic one unit height rectangular accessory boxinto a module, ball keys preferably are inserted in the appropriatecorresponding ball key retaining apertures of ball key tabs, spacedevenly within the ball key slots, the first and second sidewall panelmembers then are connected to the base horizontal panel member, thefirst and second sidewall panel members then are connected together, andfinally divider panel members are added, as needed.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6A to 6D, another example of a module assembledwith the interlocking panels is a basic two unit height rectangularaccessory box 40′, which is also typically about 2 inches wide and about4 inches long, but two common units in height, such as about two inchesin height, for example. The currently preferred form of the basic twounit height rectangular accessory box includes a pair of generallyrectangular, elongated first sidewall panel members 42′, each including2 pairs of opposing side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs 44′defined on the side edges 46′ of the sidewall panel members, and each ofthe side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs including a ball key ormortise or ball retaining aperture 48′. Although the panel members arepreferably transparent, the module is shown in FIG. 5 as nottransparent, for simplicity. The ball key or mortise or ball retainingapertures are preferably circular, and each ball key or mortise or ballretaining aperture contains a ball key 50′ removably retained in theball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture. The ball key istypically a round, resilient, compressible ball, typically formed ofsilicone rubber, for example, as described above, and is preferably aspherical, resilient, compressible ball, that can be pressed into or outof the ball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture.

The basic two unit height rectangular accessory box also includes a pairof generally rectangular, elongated 2 unit second sidewall panel members52′, each of the second sidewall panel members including 2 pairs ofopposing rectangular side edge ports or slots 54′ for receiving acorresponding ball key or mortise or ball tab therein, each of the pairof rectangular side edge ports or slots including middle portion withopposing curved outwardly directed interior edge portions 56′ extendingthrough an approximate middle portion of the generally rectangular ballkey tab connecting port or slot with opposing curved outwardly directedinterior edge portions for removably receiving the ball key therein. Themiddle portions of the generally rectangular ball key tab connectingports or slots of the second sidewall panel member preferably include amiddle portion with circularly curved outwardly directed interior edges.

For interlocking of vertically stacked modules, one or more accessorybox stacking key tabs 58′ are preferably provided in a top side 60′ ofeach second sidewall panel member, and one or more accessory boxstacking key slots 62′ are provided in a bottom side 64′ of each secondsidewall panel member for receiving a corresponding accessory boxstacking key tab. In addition, for additional stability of verticallystacked modules, one or more accessory box corner stacking key tabs 66′are preferably provided in a bottom side corner 68′ of each secondsidewall panel member, and one or more accessory box corner stacking keyslots or notches 70′ are provided in a top corner 72′ of each secondsidewall panel member for receiving a corresponding accessory box cornerstacking key tab.

The basic two unit height rectangular accessory box also may include oneor more generally rectangular, two unit elongated divider panel members74′, each preferably including a pair of side edge ball key or mortiseor ball tabs 76′ defined on the side edges 78′ of each divider panelmember, each of the side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs includinga ball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture 80′ extendingtherethrough, and each ball key or mortise or ball retaining apertureincluding a ball key removably received therein.

When one or more divider panel members are to be included, one or morecorresponding top locking joint or bridal joint slots 82′ are providedin the top side of each second sidewall panel member, each top lockingjoint or bridal joint slot defining an open ball key or mortise or ballretaining aperture 86′ open at the top side of the second sidewall panelmember and extending through the top side of the sidewall panel memberfor removably receiving a ball key of a corresponding divider panelmember therein. When two divider panel members are to be included, twocorresponding top locking joint or bridal joint slots are provided inthe top side of each second sidewall panel member.

The basic two unit height rectangular accessory box also preferablyincludes a base horizontal panel member 90′ including one or more pairof side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs 92′ defined on opposingfirst side edges 94′ of the base horizontal panel member, each of theside edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs including a ball key ormortise or ball retaining aperture 96′ extending therethrough, and eachball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture including a ball keyremovably received therein. The base horizontal panel member alsopreferably includes at least a second pair of side edge ball key ormortise or ball tabs 98′ defined on opposing second side edges 100′ ofthe base horizontal panel member, each of the side edge ball key ormortise or ball tabs including a ball key or mortise or ball retainingaperture 102′ extending therethrough, and each ball key or mortise orball retaining aperture including a ball key removably received therein.Each of the first sidewall panel members preferably includes one or moreside edge ball key or mortise or ball connecting ports or slots 104′extending through a bottom side edge 106′ of the first sidewall panelmember for removably receiving a corresponding one of the one or morepair of side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs defined on theopposing first side edges of the base horizontal panel member therein.Each of the second sidewall panel members preferably includes one ormore side ball key or mortise or ball connecting ports or slots 104′extending through the bottom side of the second sidewall panel memberfor removably receiving a corresponding one of the side edge ball key ormortise or ball tabs defined on the opposing second side edges of thebase horizontal panel member therein.

The base horizontal panel member includes one or more pairs of opposingaccessory box secondary, non-locking key tabs 108′, typically notincluding a ball key or mortise or ball connecting port or slot and aball key, defined on the opposing second side edges of the basehorizontal panel member, configured to be received in correspondingaccessory box secondary, non-locking key slots 109′, also typically notincluding a middle ball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture,defined in a bottom portion of each second sidewall panel member. Thesecondary, non-locking key tabs and corresponding secondary, non-lockingkey slots provide additional support and stability, increase rigidityand reduce rotational flexing of the modules.

During assembly of the basic two unit height rectangular accessory boxinto a module, ball keys preferably are inserted in the appropriatecorresponding ball key retaining apertures of ball key tabs, spacedevenly within the ball key slots, the first and second sidewall panelmembers then are connected to the base horizontal panel member, thefirst and second sidewall panel members then are connected together, andfinally divider panel members are added, as needed.

Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8A to 8E, another example of a module assembledwith the interlocking panels is a square accessory box 140, which istypically about 4 inches wide and about 4 inches long, and one commonunit in height, such as about one inch in height, for example, althoughsquare modules also may be multiples of the common unit in height. Thecurrently preferred form of the square accessory box includes a pair ofgenerally rectangular, elongated first sidewall panel members 142, eachincluding a pair of opposing side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs144 defined on the side edges 146 of the first sidewall panel members,each of the side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs including a ballkey or mortise or ball retaining aperture 148. Although the panelmembers are preferably transparent, the module is shown in FIG. 7 as nottransparent, for simplicity. The ball key or mortise or ball retainingapertures are preferably circular, and each ball key or mortise or ballretaining aperture contains a ball key 150 removably retained in theball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture. The ball key istypically a round, resilient, compressible ball, typically formed ofsilicone rubber, for example, as described above, and is preferably aspherical, resilient, compressible ball, that can be pressed into or outof the ball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture.

The square accessory box also includes a pair of generally rectangular,elongated second sidewall panel members 152, each of the second sidewallpanel members including a pair of opposing rectangular side edge portsor slots 154 for receiving a ball key or mortise or ball tab therein,each of the pair of rectangular side edge ports or slots including amiddle portion with opposing curved outwardly directed interior edgeportions 156 extending through an approximate middle portion of thegenerally rectangular ball key tab connecting port or slot with opposingcurved outwardly directed interior edge portions for removably receivingthe ball key therein. The middle portions of the generally rectangularball key tab connecting ports or slots of the second sidewall panelmember preferably include a middle portion with circularly curvedoutwardly directed interior edges.

For interlocking of vertically stacked modules, one or more accessorybox stacking key tabs 158 are preferably provided in a top side 160 ofeach second sidewall panel member, and preferably two accessory boxstacking key tabs are provided in the top side of each second sidewallpanel member. One or more corresponding accessory box stacking key slots162, preferably two, are preferably provided in a bottom side 164 ofeach second sidewall panel member for receiving the corresponding one ormore accessory box stacking key tabs. The square accessory box alsoincludes one or more accessory box corner stacking key tabs 166 in abottom side corner 168 of each second sidewall panel member, and one ormore corresponding accessory box corner stacking key slots 170 in a topcorner 172 of each second sidewall panel member for receiving acorresponding accessory box corner stacking key tab.

The square accessory box also may optionally include one or moregenerally rectangular, elongated divider panel members 174, andtypically includes a generally rectangular, elongated bottom dividerpanel member 174 a and a generally rectangular, elongated top dividerpanel member 174 b that interfits with the bottom divider panel member.The generally rectangular, elongated top divider panel member includes adownwardly facing divider slot 175 b in a lower edge 177 of the topdivider panel member, configured to fit over a top bridal joint slot orlocking top bridal joint 175 a in a top side 173 of the bottom dividerpanel member and to receive a portion of the bottom divider panel membertherein. Each divider panel member also preferably includes a pair ofside edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs 176 defined on the side edges178 of each divider panel member, with each of the side edge ball key ormortise or ball tabs including a ball key or mortise or ball retainingaperture 180 extending therethrough, and a ball key removably receivedtherein.

As is illustrated in FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8F and 8G, one or more top lockingjoint or bridal joint slots 182 are preferably provided in the top sideof each of the first and second sidewall panel members, with each toplocking joint or bridal joint slot defining an open ball key or mortiseor ball retaining aperture 186 open at the top side of the first andsecond sidewall panel members and extending through the top side edge ofeach sidewall panel member for removably receiving a ball key of acorresponding divider panel member therein. As shown in FIGS. 8F and 8I,two top locking joint or bridal joint slots may be provided in the topside of each second sidewall panel member for receiving two smallercorresponding generally rectangular, elongated divider panel members 174c such as those described above for the basic rectangular accessory box,each preferably including a pair of side edge ball key or mortise orball tabs 176 defined on the side edges 178 of the divider panel member,each of the side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs including a ballkey or mortise or ball retaining aperture 180 extending therethrough,and each ball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture including a ballkey removably received therein.

Referring to FIG. 8E, the currently preferred form of the squareaccessory box also preferably includes a generally square basehorizontal panel member 190 including one or more pairs of side edgeball key or mortise or ball tabs 192 defined on opposing first sideedges 194 of the base horizontal panel member, each of the side edgeball key or mortise or ball tabs including a ball key or mortise or ballretaining aperture 196 extending therethrough, and each ball key ormortise or ball retaining aperture including a ball key removablyreceived therein. The base horizontal panel member includes at leastsecond pair of side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs defined onopposing second side edges 200 of the base horizontal panel member, eachof the side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs including a ball keyor mortise or ball retaining aperture extending therethrough, and eachball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture including a ball keyremovably received therein. Each of the first and second sidewall panelmembers preferably includes one or more side edge ball key or mortise orball connecting ports or slots 204 near the bottom side edge of eachsidewall panel member for removably receiving a corresponding one of theone or more pair of side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs definedon the opposing first and second side edges of the base horizontal panelmember therein.

As is illustrated in FIG. 8H, each of the pair of generally rectangular,elongated first sidewall panel members may optionally include a cardlift slot 203 extending from a top side opening of the first sidewallpanel members through the pair of generally rectangular, elongated firstsidewall panel members and downwardly to an inner edge 205, typicallyaligned with the one or more side edge ball key or mortise or ballretaining apertures.

The base horizontal panel member also preferably includes one or morepairs of opposing secondary, non-locking key tabs 208 defined on theopposing first and second side edges of the base horizontal panelmembers, respectively. The one or more pairs of opposing secondary,non-locking key tabs are each configured to be received in thecorresponding one or more secondary, non-locking key slots 209 in abottom portion of each of the first and second sidewall panel members.The secondary, non-locking key tabs and corresponding secondary,non-locking key slots provide additional support and stability, increaserigidity and reduce rotational flexing of the modules.

As shown in FIG. 8E, when intersecting top and bottom divider panels areprovided, the base horizontal panel member also preferably includes adivider dual slot 214 provided in the middle of the base horizontalpanel member, defined by a first rectangular slot 216 parallel to theopposing first side edges, and a second rectangular slot 217 parallel tothe opposing second side edges, the first and second rectangular slotsintersecting in the middle of the base horizontal panel member, forreceiving a bottom side ball key or mortise or ball tab 176 on thebottom side of the bottom divider panel member.

When the first sidewall panel members include a card lift slot, the basehorizontal panel member also preferably includes a corresponding cardlift slot 218 extending through the base horizontal panel member. Thecard lift slot in the base horizontal panel member preferably is round,or circular, although the card lift slot in the base horizontal panelmember may alternatively be another suitable shape, such as rectangular,for example. The card lift slots allow a user to more easily accesscards placed in the section of the square accessory box including thecard lift slots, such as for storage or use during a game, for example.

The basic one unit height square accessory box may be assembled into amodule as a quad bay square accessory box, or a large card squareaccessory box, for example. During assembly of either the quad baysquare accessory box or the large card square accessory box into amodule, ball keys preferably are inserted in the appropriatecorresponding ball key retaining apertures of ball key tabs, spacedevenly within the ball key slots, the first and second sidewall panelmembers then are connected to the base horizontal panel member, thefirst and second sidewall panel members then are connected together. Forthe quad bay square accessory box, finally divider panel members areadded, as needed; however, for the large card square accessory box,typically no divider panel members are added.

Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10A to 10D, another example of a moduleassembled with the interlocking panels is a square display case 240,which is typically about 5 inches wide and about 5 inches long, and twocommon units in height, such as about two inches in height, for example,also the display case module may be other multiples of the common unitin height. The currently preferred form of the square display caseincludes a pair of generally rectangular, elongated first sidewall panelmembers 242, each including a bottom edge slot 244 in the middle of alower side edge 246 configured to receive a layout panel membersecondary, non-locking key tab and a base horizontal panel membersecondary, non-locking key tab, as will be described below, and eachincluding 2 pairs of opposing side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs248 defined on the side edges 250 of the first sidewall panel members,and each of the side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs including aball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture 252. The ball key ormortise or ball retaining apertures are preferably circular, and eachball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture contains a ball key 254removably retained in the ball key or mortise or ball retainingaperture. The ball key is typically a round, resilient, compressibleball, typically formed of silicone rubber, for example, as describedabove, and is preferably a spherical, resilient, compressible ball, thatcan be pressed into or out of the ball key or mortise or ball retainingaperture.

For interlocking of vertically stacked modules, the sidewall panelmembers also preferably include one or more display stacking key tabs256 in a top side 258 of the sidewall panel members, and one or moredisplay stacking key slots 260 in the bottom side of the sidewall panelmembers for receiving a corresponding stacking key tab of anothersimilar module, respectively.

The square display case also includes a pair of generally rectangular,elongated second sidewall panel members 264, each including a middleslot 266 in the middle of a lower side edge 268 configured to receive alayout panel member secondary, non-locking key tab, described below, anda base horizontal panel member secondary, non-locking key tab, alsodescribed below. Each of the second sidewall panel members also includestwo pairs of opposing rectangular side edge ports or slots 270 forreceiving a ball key or mortise or ball tab therein, each of the pair ofrectangular side edge ports or slots including a middle portion withopposing curved outwardly directed interior edge portions 272 extendingthrough an approximate middle portion of the generally rectangular ballkey tab connecting ports or slots with opposing curved outwardlydirected interior edge portions for removably receiving the ball keytherein. The middle portions of the generally rectangular ball key tabconnecting ports or slots of the second sidewall panel member preferablyinclude a middle portion with circularly curved outwardly directedinterior edges. For interlocking of vertically stacked modules, each ofthe second sidewall panel members also preferably includes one or moredisplay stacking key tabs 256 in a top side 274 of the second sidewallpanel members, and one or more display stacking key slots 260 in thebottom side 268 of the second sidewall panel members for receiving acorresponding stacking key tab of another similar module, respectively.

The square display case also includes a base horizontal panel member 280including first and second pairs of side edge ball key or mortise orball tabs 282 defined on opposing first and second side edges 284 of thebase horizontal panel member, each of the side edge ball key or mortiseor ball tabs including a ball key or mortise or ball retaining apertureextending therethrough, each of the ball key or mortise or ballretaining apertures including a ball key removably received therein.

Each of the first and second sidewall panel members includes a pair ofbottom side edge ball key or mortise or ball connecting ports or slots286 near the bottom side edge of each first sidewall panel member forremovably receiving the corresponding first and second pairs of sideedge ball key or mortise or ball tabs defined on the opposing first sideedges of the base horizontal panel member therein, and each of thesecond sidewall panel members includes a pair of side edge ball key ormortise or ball connecting ports or slots extending through a bottomside edge of each second sidewall panel member for removably receivingthe corresponding first and second pairs of side edge ball key ormortise or ball tabs defined on the opposing second side edges of thebase horizontal panel member therein.

The base horizontal panel member also preferably includes first andsecond pairs of opposing display case secondary, non-locking key tabs288 defined on the opposing first and second side edges of the basehorizontal panel member, respectively, configured to be received in thecorresponding bottom side edge slots 244 and 266 in the lower edges ofeach of the first and second sidewall panel members. The secondary,non-locking key tabs and corresponding bottom side edge slots provideadditional support and stability, increase rigidity and reducerotational flexing of the modules.

The square display case also includes a layout panel member 290including first and second pairs of side edge key tabs 292 defined onopposing first and second side edges 294 of the layout panel member, andpairs of side edge key slots 300 on either side of each of the side edgekey tabs, and first and second corner key slots 302 defined at thecorners 304 of each layout panel member for receiving an accessory box.As shown in FIGS. 10E, 10F, 10G and 10H, the layout panel member mayoptionally include one or more recesses 306 in a top side 308 of thelayout panel member for receiving one or more bases of display items.The one or more recesses may be square, round, such as circular or oval,or other suitable shapes for receiving a similarly shaped base of adisplay item. The one or more recesses may also include magnetizedtarget members affixed in the one or more recesses. The magnetizedtarget members may for example be composite vinyl and metal materials,including a ferromagnetic metal, such as a vinyl metal compositeincluding iron filings, for example, such as are available from 3M, toprovide targets for receiving magnetized bases of display items, thatfit on or in the targets on the layout panel member, allowing the modulecontaining the display items with magnetized bases placed on the targetsto be turned upside down without displacing the display items.

During assembly of basic two unit height square display case into amodule, ball keys preferably are inserted in the appropriatecorresponding ball key retaining apertures of ball key tabs, spacedevenly within the ball key slots, and one of the sidewall panel membersis then connected to the base horizontal panel member. The layout panelmember then is lined up on top of the base horizontal panel member, andthen is connected to the sidewall panel member connected to the basehorizontal panel member. The other of the sidewall panel members then isconnected to the base horizontal panel member and the layout panelmember, and finally the first and second sidewall panel members areconnected together to finish the assembly.

Referring to FIGS. 11 and 12A to 12E, another example of a moduleassembled with the interlocking panels is a larger rectangular displaycase 240′, which is typically about 5 inches wide and about 10 incheslong, and two common units in height, such as about two inches inheight, for example, also the display case module may be other multiplesof the common unit in height. In a currently preferred variation, therectangular display case includes a pair of generally rectangular,elongated first sidewall panel members 242′ each including a slot 244′in the middle of a lower side edge 246′ configured to receive a layoutpanel member secondary, non-locking key tab and a base horizontal panelmember secondary, non-locking key tab, described below, and eachincluding 2 pairs of opposing side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs248′ defined on the side edges 250′ of the first sidewall panel members,each of the side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs including a ballkey or mortise or ball retaining aperture 252′. Although the panelmembers are preferably transparent, the module is shown in FIG. 11 asnot transparent, for simplicity. The ball key or mortise or ballretaining apertures are preferably circular, and each ball key ormortise or ball retaining aperture contains a ball key 254′ removablyretained in the ball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture. The ballkey is typically a round, resilient, compressible ball, typically formedof silicone rubber, for example, as described above, and is preferably aspherical, resilient, compressible ball, that can be pressed into or outof the ball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture.

For interlocking of vertically stacked modules, the first sidewall panelmembers also preferably include one or more display stacking key tabs256′ in a top side 258′ of the first sidewall panel members, and one ormore display stacking key slots 260′ in the bottom side of the firstsidewall panel members for receiving a corresponding stacking key tab,respectively.

The rectangular display case also includes a pair of generallyrectangular, elongated second sidewall panel members 264′, eachincluding first and second slots 266′ in a lower side edge 268′ eachconfigured to receive a layout panel member secondary, non-locking keytab, described below, and a base horizontal panel member secondary,non-locking key tab, also described below. Each of the second sidewallpanel members also includes two pairs of opposing rectangular side edgeports or slots 270′ for receiving a ball key or mortise or ball tabtherein, each of the pair of rectangular side edge ports or slotsincluding a middle portion with opposing curved outwardly directedinterior edge portions 272′ extending through an approximate middleportion of the generally rectangular ball key tab connecting port orslot with opposing curved outwardly directed interior edge portions forremovably receiving the ball key therein. The middle portions of thegenerally rectangular ball key tab connecting ports or slots of thesecond sidewall panel member preferably include a middle portion withcircularly curved outwardly directed interior edges. For interlocking ofvertically stacked modules, each of the second sidewall panel membersalso preferably includes one or more display stacking key tabs 256′ in atop side 274′ of the second sidewall panel members, and one or moredisplay stacking key slots 260′ in the bottom side edge of the secondsidewall panel members for receiving a corresponding accessory boxstacking key tab.

The rectangular display case also includes a base horizontal panelmember 280′ including first and second pairs of side edge ball key ormortise or ball tabs 282′ defined on opposing first and second sideedges 284′ of the base horizontal panel member, each of the side edgeball key or mortise or ball tabs including a ball key or mortise or ballretaining aperture extending therethrough, each of the ball key ormortise or ball retaining apertures including a ball key removablyreceived therein.

Each of the first and second sidewall panel members includes a pair ofbottom side edge ball key or mortise or ball connecting ports or slots286′ near the bottom side edge of each first sidewall panel member forremovably receiving the corresponding first and second pairs of sideedge ball key or mortise or ball tabs defined on the opposing first sideedges of the base horizontal panel member therein, and each of thesecond sidewall panel members includes a pair of side edge ball key ormortise or ball connecting ports or slots extending through a bottomside edge of each second sidewall panel member for removably receivingthe corresponding first and second pairs of side edge ball key ormortise or ball tabs defined on the opposing second side edges of thebase horizontal panel member therein.

The base horizontal panel member also preferably includes first andsecond pairs of opposing display case secondary, non-locking key tabs288′ defined on the opposing first and second side edges of the basehorizontal panel member, respectively, configured to be received incorresponding one or more secondary, non-locking key slots 244′, 266′ inthe bottom portion of the first and second sidewall panel members, andin one or more non-locking key slots 289′ in the bottom portion of thesecond sidewall panel members. The secondary, non-locking key tabs andcorresponding secondary, non-locking key slots provide additionalsupport and stability, increase rigidity and reduce rotational flexingof the modules.

The rectangular display case also includes a square layout panel member290′ including first and second pairs of side edge key tabs 292′ definedon opposing first and second side edges 294′ of the layout panel member,pairs of side edge key slots 300′ on the either side of the side edgekey tabs, and first and second corner key slots 302′ defined on corners304′ of the layout panel member for receiving an accessory box.

The layout panel member may optionally include one or more recesses 306′in a top side 308′ of the layout panel member for receiving one or morebases of display items. As shown in FIGS. 12F to 12I, the one or morerecesses may be square, round, such as circular or oval, or othersuitable shapes for receiving a similarly shaped base of a display item.The one or more recesses may also include magnetized target membersaffixed in the one or more recesses. The magnetized target members mayfor example be composite vinyl and metal materials, including aferromagnetic metal, such as a vinyl metal composite including ironfilings, for example, such as are available from 3M, to provide targetsfor receiving magnetized bases of display items, that fit on or in thetargets on the layout panel member, allowing the module containing thedisplay items with magnetized bases placed on the targets to be turnedupside down without displacing the display items.

The currently preferred form of the rectangular display case alsopreferably includes identical first and second handle panel members 310′(only one of which is shown), each including a pair of bottom edge ballkey or mortise or ball tabs 312′ defined on bottom edges 314′ of thehandle panel members, and each of the side edge ball key or mortise orball tabs includes a ball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture,with a ball key removably retained in the ball key or mortise or ballretaining aperture. As shown in FIG. 12K, instead of two handle panelmembers, a layer lock panel member 315′ alternatively may be installedbetween layout panel members. The base horizontal panel memberpreferably includes two pairs of opposing rectangular bottom edge portsor slots 316′ for receiving corresponding ones of the handle panelmember bottom edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs therein, each of thepair of rectangular bottom edge ports or slots including a middleportion with opposing curved outwardly directed interior edge portionsextending through an approximate middle portion of the generallyrectangular ball key tab connecting port or slot with opposing curvedoutwardly directed interior edge portions for removably receiving theball key therein. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 12J, the basehorizontal panel member may include key slots 317′ for receiving bottomcorner tabs of accessory boxes. Each of the first and second handlepanel members preferably also includes a top edge handle tab 318′ on atop edge 320′. First and second handle locking spacers 322′ (only one ofwhich is shown) are configured to be connected between opposingvertically oriented rectangular top edge ports or slots 324′ of thefirst and second handle panel members, respectively. The first andsecond handle locking spacers are typically cut from of a middle sectionremoved from the first and second handle panel members leaving middleopenings 326′. The first and second handle locking spacers each includeopposing ball key or mortise or ball tabs 328′ defined on opposing sideedges of the handle locking spacers, and are connected between theopposing rectangular top edge ports or slots of the first and secondhandle panel members, respectively, to hold the two handle panel membersapart. The first and second handle locking spacers also include sideedge tabs 330′ on edges 332′, and the second sidewall panels includecorresponding slots 334′ for receiving the side edge tabs of the firstand second handle locking spacers.

During assembly of the larger two unit height square display case into amodule, ball keys preferably are inserted in the appropriatecorresponding ball key retaining apertures of ball key tabs, spacedevenly within the ball key slots, and both of the sidewall panel membersthen are connected to the base horizontal panel member. The layout panelmember then is lined up on top of the base horizontal panel member, andthen is connected to both of the sidewall panel members. The handlelocking spacers are preferably inserted into the handle panel members,and finally the first and second sidewall panel members are connectedtogether to finish the assembly.

Referring to FIGS. 13 and 14A to 14D, another example of a moduleassembled with the interlocking panels is a display case cover 240″,which is typically about 5 inches wide and about 10 inches long, and onecommon unit in height, such as about one inch in height, for example,although the display case cover module may be other multiples of thecommon unit in height. The display case cover includes a pair ofgenerally rectangular, elongated first sidewall panel members 242″ eachincluding a pair of opposing side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs248″ defined on the side edges 250″ of the sidewall panel members, eachof the side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs including a ball keyor mortise or ball retaining aperture 252″. Although the panel membersare preferably transparent, the module is shown in FIG. 13 as nottransparent, for simplicity. The ball key or mortise or ball retainingapertures are preferably circular, and each ball key or mortise or ballretaining aperture contains a ball key 254″ removably retained in theball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture. The ball key istypically a round, resilient, compressible ball, typically formed ofsilicone rubber, for example, as described above, and is preferably aspherical, resilient, compressible ball, that can be pressed into or outof the ball key or mortise or ball retaining aperture.

For interlocking of vertically stacked modules, the first sidewall panelmembers also preferably include one or more display stacking key tabs256″ in a top side 258″ of the first sidewall panel members, and one ormore display stacking key slots 260″ in a bottom side 262″ of the firstsidewall panel members for receiving a corresponding accessory boxstacking key tab, respectively.

The display case cover also includes a pair of generally rectangular,elongated second sidewall panel members 264″, each including a pair ofopposing rectangular side edge ports or slots 270″ for receiving a ballkey or mortise or ball tab therein, each the pair of rectangular sideedge ports or slots including a middle portion with opposing curvedoutwardly directed interior edge portions 272″ extending through anapproximate middle portion of the generally rectangular ball key tabconnecting port or slot with opposing curved outwardly directed interioredge portions for removably receiving the ball key therein. The middleportions of the generally rectangular ball key tab connecting ports orslots of the second sidewall panel member preferably include a middleportion with circularly curved outwardly directed interior edges. Forinterlocking of vertically stacked modules, each of the second sidewallpanel members also preferably includes first and second display stackingkey tabs 256″ in a top side 274″ of the second sidewall panel members,and first and second display stacking key slots 260″ in a bottom side276″ of each second sidewall panel member for receiving a correspondingaccessory box stacking key tab.

The display case cover also includes a roof horizontal panel member 280″including first and second pairs of side edge ball key or mortise orball tabs 282″ defined on opposing first and second side edges 284″ ofthe roof horizontal panel member, each of the side edge ball key ormortise or ball tabs including a ball key or mortise or ball retainingaperture extending therethrough, each of the ball key or mortise or ballretaining apertures including a ball key removably received therein.Each of the first and second sidewall panel members includes a pair ofside edge ball key or mortise or ball connecting ports or slots 286″near the top side edge of each first sidewall panel member for removablyreceiving the corresponding first and second pairs of side edge ball keyor mortise or ball tabs defined on the opposing first side edges of theroof horizontal panel member therein. Each of the second sidewall panelmembers also includes a pair of side edge ball key or mortise or ballconnecting ports or slots extending through a top side edge of eachsecond sidewall panel member for removably receiving the correspondingfirst and second pairs of side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabsdefined on the opposing second side edges of the roof horizontal panelmember therein

The roof horizontal panel member also preferably includes opposingsecondary, non-locking key tabs 288″ defined on the opposing first andsecond side edges of each roof horizontal panel member, respectively.The first and second sidewall panel members correspondingly each includeone or more secondary, non-locking key stacking key tab slots 289″ forreceiving the plurality of pairs of opposing display case key tabs 288″defined on the opposing second side edges of each roof horizontal panelmember, respectively.

The display case cover also includes first and second generallyrectangular, elongated center support panel members 310″ each includinga pair of opposing side edge ball key or mortise or ball tabs 330″defined on the side edges 332″ of the first and second generallyrectangular, elongated center support panel members, each of the sideedge ball key or mortise or ball tabs including a ball key or mortise orball retaining aperture, and each ball key or mortise or ball retainingaperture including a ball key removably received therein. In addition,each of the first and second generally rectangular, elongated centersupport panel members includes a top edge cover support tab 318″ on atop edge 320″. The roof horizontal panel member correspondingly includesa pair of cover support cutout slots 322″ configured to receive the topedge cover support tabs of the first and second generally rectangular,elongated center support panel members, respectively.

During assembly of the display case cover into a module, ball keyspreferably are inserted in the appropriate corresponding ball keyretaining apertures of ball key tabs, spaced evenly within the ball keyslots, and both of the sidewall panel members then are connected to theroof horizontal panel member. The center support panel members then areconnected to the roof horizontal panel member, and finally the first andsecond sidewall panel members are connected together, to finish theassembly.

Referring to FIGS. 15 and 16, in another presently preferred embodiment,the present invention provides for a modular display case 340 includingan assembly of a plurality of the modules with interlocking panelsdescribed above. As is shown in FIG. 15, for example, the largerrectangular display case 240′ can be used as a base for the modulardisplay case 340. Various other smaller modules can be stacked directlyupon the base horizontal panel member 280′ of the larger rectangulardisplay case 240′. As illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 16, a square accessorybox 140 can be stacked directly upon the left side of the basehorizontal panel member 280′ of the larger rectangular display case240′, and a basic two unit height rectangular accessory box 40′ and oneof the basic rectangular accessory boxes 40 can be stacked directly uponthe right side of the base horizontal panel member 280′ of the largerrectangular display case 240′, although two of the basic rectangularaccessory boxes 40 stacked one upon the other could also be used. Asquare display case 240 then can be stacked upon the top edges of thesidewall panels on the left side of the larger rectangular display case240′ over the square accessory box 140, while another square displaycase 240 then can be stacked upon the top edges of the sidewall panelson the right side of the larger rectangular display case 240′ over thesquare accessory box 140 and the one or two basic rectangular accessoryboxes 40. The display case cover 240″ then finally can be stacked uponthe top edges of the sidewall panel members of the right and left sidesquare display cases 240, to complete the assembly of the entire modulardisplay case 340.

Referring to FIGS. 17A, 17B, 18A and 19B, showing another version of amodular display case including an assembly of a plurality of moduleswith interlocking panels, the modular display case 340 may include adisplay case cover 240″ stacked upon two of the square display cases240, which are stacked upon the larger rectangular display case 240′,and a square accessory box 140 and two smaller basic rectangularaccessory boxes 40 stacked upon the square accessory box 140 can benested within one of the square display cases 240, which are stackedupon the larger rectangular display case 240′.

Referring to FIGS. 19A and 19B, showing another version of a modulardisplay case including an assembly of a plurality of modules withinterlocking panels, the modular display case 340 may include a displaycase cover 240″ stacked upon two of the square display cases 240, whichare stacked upon the larger rectangular display case 240′, which arestacked upon the larger rectangular display case 240′, without includingany accessory boxes.

In the method of manufacturing the interlocking panels of the invention,the outer side edges of the panel members are typically formed by rapidlaser cutting of sheets of transparent, lightweight material, such asclear acrylic plastic, for example, while inner slots are typicallyformed by more slowly laser cutting of the material, to provide higherresolution, more accurately dimensioned features to higher tolerancesand improved edge quality for better interfitting of parts, althoughslow laser cutting of these features is not necessarily critical, orrequired, for parts described above to be able to fit together properly.Features such as upwardly facing recesses for objects to be displayed orgame items in the layout panel members, or decorative or alignmentlines, or indicia provided in some of the panel members and typicallyfacing inwardly in the modules, are typically formed by engraving, suchas by chemical etching, for example. In general engraved surfaces ofpanel members preferably face upwardly or inwardly when modules areassembled, although this is not necessarily critical, or required.

It should be recognized that modules are rotatable within the largerdisplay boxes, for different layouts. Silicone pads can be added tobottom sections so that display modules boxes will be non-skid, and canbe placed between modules. It should also be recognized that the layoutpanel members can be dimensioned and arranged to match display items tobe placed on the layout panel members, and that the display case covercan be used as a base for vertical stacking of other modules. Themodules in this manner can be used to create a variety of displays, tocreate a diorama, such as for display on a shelf or in a box, and can beused as containers or organizers for game pieces, dice, a dice roller,cards and the like. In addition, adjacent first and second sidewallpanel members may be provided with magnet slots 400 configured toreceive correspondingly dimensioned magnets, to help secure modules thatare stacked on top of each other, and to allow adjacent modules toself-align as they are being stacked. The magnets are configured to beoriented in order to attract to one another and automatically align themodules and assist in securing them together. A presently preferredmagnet size is approximately 0.25 inch by 0.125 inch by 0.125 inch,which the presently preferred size of the magnet slots is approximately0.2435 inch by 0.1185 inch. The difference in size accounts for thelaser tolerance, which cuts away a small amount of material. The magnetsfits snuggly in the magnet slots but typically require a small amount ofadhesive, such as standard white glue, for example to secure the magnetsin place.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that, while particular forms ofthe invention have been illustrated and described, various modificationscan be made without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the invention belimited, except as by the appended claims.

I claim:
 1. Interlocking panels configured to be removably assembledtogether, comprising: a first panel member having a side edge includinga side edge ball key tab defined on the side edge of said first panelmember, said ball key tab including a circular ball key retainingaperture defined in said ball key tab; a ball key removably received insaid circular ball key retaining aperture of said ball key tab said ballkey comprises a round, resilient, compressible ball that can be pressedinto and out of the ball key retaining aperture; and a second panelmember including a ball key tab connecting port for removably receivingsaid ball key tab and said ball key.
 2. The interlocking panels of claim1, wherein said ball key comprises silicone rubber having a Shore Ahardness from about 60 to about
 90. 3. The interlocking panels of claim1, wherein said ball key comprises silicone rubber having a Shore Ahardness from 70 to
 85. 4. Interlocking panels configured to beremovably assembled together, comprising: a first panel member having aside edge including a side edge ball key tab defined on the side edge ofsaid first panel member, said ball key tab including a ball keyretaining aperture defined in said ball key tab; a ball key removablyreceived in said ball key retaining aperture of said ball key tab; asecond panel member including a ball key tab connecting port forremovably receiving said ball key tab and said ball key; and whereinsaid ball key tab connecting port is generally rectangular and includesa circular aperture in a middle portion of said ball key tab connectingport for removably receiving said ball key removably received in saidball key retaining aperture of said ball key tab.
 5. Interlocking panelsconfigured to be removably assembled together, comprising: a first panelmember having a side edge including a side edge ball key tab defined onthe side edge of said first panel member, said ball key tab including aball key retaining aperture defined in said ball key tab; a ball keyremovably received in said ball key retaining aperture of said ball keytab; a second panel member including a ball key tab connecting port forremovably receiving said ball key tab and said ball key; and whereinsaid ball key tab connecting port is a side edge bridal joint ball keytab connecting port that is open at a side edge of said second panelmember.
 6. The interlocking panels of claim 5, wherein said ball keyretaining aperture of said first panel member is positioned in said sideedge ball key tab a sufficient distance from said side edge of the firstpanel member that when said side edge ball key tab is received in saidside edge bridal joint ball key tab connecting port of said second panelmember, said first and second panel members are aligned orthogonallywith respect to each other.
 7. A module with interlocking panels, themodule being configured to be removably connected with at least oneother module with interlocking panels, the module comprising: a pair ofelongated first sidewall panel members, each of said elongated firstsidewall panel members having opposing side edges, each of said opposingside edges of said elongated first sidewall panel members including aside edge ball key tab, each said ball key tab including a ball keyretaining aperture defined in said ball key tab; a ball key removablyreceived in each said ball key retaining aperture of said ball key tab;and a pair of elongated second sidewall panel members, each of saidelongated second sidewall panel members having opposing side edges, eachof said opposing side edges of said elongated second sidewall panelmembers including a ball key tab connecting port, corresponding ones ofsaid ball key tabs and corresponding ones of said ball keys of saidelongated first sidewall panel members being removably received incorresponding ones of said ball key tab connecting ports of saidopposing side edges of said elongated second sidewall panel members,respectively.
 8. The module of claim 7, wherein each said ball keyretaining aperture is circular, and said ball key comprises a round,resilient, compressible ball that can be pressed into and out of saidball key retaining apertures.
 9. The module of claim 8, wherein saidball key comprises silicone rubber having a Shore A hardness from about60 to about
 90. 10. The module of claim 8, wherein said ball keycomprises silicone rubber having a Shore A hardness from 70 to
 85. 11.The module of claim 7, further comprising at least one side edge bridaljoint ball key tab connecting port that is open at an upper side edge ofat least one of said elongated second sidewall panel members.
 12. Themodule of claim 11, further comprising an elongated divider panel memberhaving opposing side edges, at least one of said opposing side edges ofsaid elongated divider panel member including a side edge ball key tabincluding a ball key retaining aperture defined in said ball key tab,and said ball key retaining aperture including a ball key removablyreceived in said ball key retaining aperture, wherein said ball key taband said ball key of said elongated divider panel member is removablyreceived in said at least one side edge bridal joint ball key tabconnecting port.
 13. The module of claim 12, wherein said ball keyretaining aperture of said elongated divider panel member is positionedin said side edge ball key tab a sufficient distance from said side edgeof said elongated divider panel member that when said side edge ball keytab is received in said side edge bridal joint ball key tab connectingport, said elongated divider panel member and said at least one of saidelongated second sidewall panel members are aligned orthogonally withrespect to each other.
 14. The module of claim 7, further comprising atleast one stacking key tab in a top side edge of each first sidewallpanel member, and at least one stacking key slot in a bottom side edgeof each first sidewall panel member for receiving a correspondingstacking key tab of another first sidewall panel member.
 15. The moduleof claim 7, further comprising at least one corner stacking key tab in abottom side corner of each said second sidewall panel member, and atleast one corner stacking key slot in a top corner side of each saidsecond sidewall panel member for receiving a corresponding cornerstacking key tab of another second sidewall panel member.
 16. The moduleof claim 7, further comprising a horizontal panel member removablyconnected to at least one of said pair of elongated first sidewall panelmembers and one of said pair of elongated second sidewall panel members.17. The module of claim 16, wherein said horizontal panel membercomprises a base panel member removably connected to a lower portion ofsaid least one of said pair of elongated first sidewall panel membersand one of said pair of elongated second sidewall panel members.
 18. Themodule of claim 16, wherein said horizontal panel member comprises alayout panel member including least one recess in a top side of saidlayout panel member for receiving a display item.
 19. A modular displaycase including an assembly of a plurality of modules with interlockingpanels according to claim 7.